Appendix F

Table F.1. Distribution system infrastructure information for nonproblematic utilities

Characteristics		Utility II	Utility III	Utility V	Utility VII
Infrastructure variables	Utility age, years	28	90	24	26
	Storage tanks	1	2	2	2
	Storage tanks capacity, m3	681	2 x 454	2 x 1702.5	2 x 567.5
	Average storage time in tanks, h	24	24	72	48
	Grey iron pipes, %	0	5	0	0
	Ductile iron pipes, %	95	0	90	100
	PVC pipes, %	5	90	10	0
	Other material pipes, %	0	5	0	0
	Overall utility pipe length, km	12	10	17.6	3.8
Maintenance variables	Flushing periodicity, per year	2	2	1	2
Maintenance variables	Annual pipe breakage rate, breaks/100km/year	16	10	0	0

Table F.1. Distribution system infrastructure information for nonproblematic utilities (continued)

Characteristics		Utility II	Utility III	Utility V	Utility VII
Operational variables	Mode of chlorine injection	According to flowrate	According to flowrate	According to flowrate	According to flowrate
	Usual residual chlorine checkpoint(s)	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility
	Frequency of residual chlorine measurement	Once a day	Once a day	Once a day	Once a day
Infrastructure variables	Storage tanks localization	Middle of distribution system	Chlorination facility	Extremity of distribution system	Chlorination facility
	Emergency chlorinator	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent
	Type of chlorinator	Dosage pump	Dosage pump	Dosage pump	Dosage pump
	Localization of chlorinator	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility
Maintenance variables	Distribution network flushing	Not uncommon	Not uncommon	Not very common	Not uncommon
	Reasons for flushing	As a preventive measure	As a curative measure	As a preventive measure	As a preventive measure
	Impact of flushing on water quality	Positive impact	Positive impact	Positive impact	Positive impact
	Main break frequency	Not very frequent	Not very frequent	No break so far	No break so far
	Distribution main leakage	Negligible	Negligible	Not very significant	Negligible

Table F.2. Distribution system infrastructure information for problematic utilities

Characteristics		Utility I	Utility IV	Utility VI	Utility VIII	Utility IX	Utility X
Infrastructure variables	Utility age, years	61	23	26	41	54	21
	Storage tanks	2	1	1	1	1	2
	Storage tanks capacity, m3	2 x 681	363.2	1362	572	908	2 x 136.2
	Average storage time in tanks, h	48	48	72	12	24	48
	Grey iron pipes, %	20	0	0	40	10	0
	Ductile iron pipes, %	40	0	80	60	50	10
	PVC pipes, %	40	90	20	0	40	90
	Other material pipes, %	0	10	0	0	0	0
	Overall utility pipe length, km	20	10	7.8	45	10	7.9
Maintenance variables	Flushing periodicity, per year	4	2	1	1	2	3
Maintenance variables	Annual pipe breakage rate, breaks/100km/year	25	10	38	0	10	0

Table F.2. Distribution system infrastructure information for problematic utilities (continued-1)

Characteristics		Utility I	Utility IV	Utility VI	Utility VIII	Utility IX	Utility X
Operational variables	Mode of chlorine injection	Constant	Constant	According to flowrate	Constant	Manual	According to flowrate
	Usual residual chlorine checkpoint(s)	Chlorination facility	Tank and extremity	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Storage tank	Chlorination facility
	Frequency of residual chlorine measurement	Once in two days	Once in two days	Once in two days	Once a day	Once a day	Once a day
Infrastructure variables	Storage tanks localization	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Midway between source and chlorination facility	Middle of distribution system	Source
	Emergency chlorinator	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent
	Type of chlorinator	Dosage pump	Dosage pump	Dosage pump	Dosage pump	Manual chlorination	Dosage pump
	Localization of chlorinator	Chlorination facility	Storage tank inlet	Chlorination facility	Chlorination facility	Manually into tank	Source

Table F.2. Distribution system infrastructure information for problematic utilities (continued-2)

Characteristics		Utility I	Utility IV	Utility VI	Utility VIII	Utility IX	Utility X
Maintenance variables	Distribution network flushing	Common practice	Not uncommon	Not very common	Not very common	Not uncommon	Common practice
	Reasons for flushing	As a curative measure	As a curative measure	As a curative measure	As a curative measure	As a curative measure	As a curative measure
	Impact of flushing on water quality	Positive impact	Positive impact	Positive impact	Positive impact	Positive impact	Positive impact
	Main break frequency	Not very frequent	Not very frequent	Not very frequent	No break so far	Not very frequent	No break so far
	Distribution main leakage	Not very significant	Not significant	Negligible	Not significant	Negligible	Negligible